文章标题：Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2composition

文章作者：L. Resplandy, R. F. Keeling, Y. Eddebbar, M. K. Brooks, R. Wang, L. Bopp, M. C. Long, J. P. Dunne, W. Koeve & A. Oschlies

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0651-8

原文链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0651-8

内容提要：海洋是气候系统中热惯性的主要来源。近几十年来，通过使用水文温度测量和Argo浮标计划的数据量化了海洋热量吸收量，该计划在2007年后扩大了覆盖范围。然而，这些估计都使用相同的不完美海洋数据集，且均具有因稀疏覆盖导致的额外不确定性，特别是在2007年之前。大气氧（O2）和二氧化碳（CO2）水平随着海洋变暖和释放气体而增加，本文通过使用这两种气体水平的测量值来提供独立估计，由此作为整个海洋的温度计。研究发现，1991至2016年间海洋每年的热量增加了 1.33 ± 0.20 × 1022焦耳，相当于每平方米地球表面0.83 ± 0.11瓦特的行星能量不平衡。我们还发现，导致氧气和二氧化碳排放的海洋变暖影响可以从人为排放和碳汇的直接影响中分离出来。该研究结果依赖于可追溯到1991年的高精度氧气测量，研究表明海洋变暖处于先前估计的高端，能够影响地球对气候变化的相关响应政策衡量，例如气候对温室气体和海平面上升的热成分敏感性。

论文摘要：The ocean is the main source of thermal inertia in the climate system1. During recent decades, ocean heat uptake has been quantified by using hydrographic temperature measurements and data from the Argo float program, which expanded its coverage after 20072,3. However, these estimates all use the same imperfect ocean dataset and share additional uncertainties resulting from sparse coverage, especially before 20074,5. Here we provide an independent estimate by using measurements of atmospheric oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)—levels of which increase as the ocean warms and releases gases—as a whole-ocean thermometer. We show that the ocean gained 1.33 ± 0.20 × 1022 joules of heat per year between 1991 and 2016, equivalent to a planetary energy imbalance of 0.83 ± 0.11 watts per square metre of Earth’s surface. We also find that the ocean-warming effect that led to the outgassing of O2 and CO2 can be isolated from the direct effects of anthropogenic emissions and CO2 sinks. Our result—which relies on high-precision O2 measurements dating back to 19916—suggests that ocean warming is at the high end of previous estimates, with implications for policy-relevant measurements of the Earth response to climate change, such as climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases7 and the thermal component of sea-level rise8.

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