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Medicalxpress,1月17日,Additional antibodies may protect against COVID

编译者:YUTING发布时间:2022-1-26点击量:343 来源栏目:最新研究

When we talk about antibodies against COVID-19, we tend to mean the so-called neutralizing antibodies, that offer protection by blocking the virus from invading our cells. Now, a new study from Lund University in Sweden has revealed that non-neutralizing antibodies may also be important in providing protection against COVID.

"Our results indicate that non-neutralizing antibodies could also provide protection. This would mean that we have broader protection from antibodies than previously thought, making us less vulnerable to mutations of the virus. It warrants further investigation," says Pontus Nordenfelt who led the study and is a researcher at Lund University.

In its efforts to produce vaccines and treatments, the research community has focused on neutralisingantibodies, which prevent the spike protein of the virus from binding to the surface protein on our cells.

In a large project led by researchers at Lund University, a more detailed study has been carried out on how the immune system also fights off the virus by means of phagocytosis, the ability to ingest foreign particles, in COVID-19 patients.

Phagocytosis is a type of cleansing mechanism during which the immune system's players target potential threats, such as bacteria or viruses, and ingests them, and this mechanism is facilitated if the harmful substance is marked by an antibody. The results, published in a themed issue of Frontiers in Immunology, indicate that non-neutralizing antibodies are also important in the fight against COVID—through this mechanism.

"We observed that many of the antibodies that develop in response to COVID-19 are opsonising, i.e. they signal to the immune system's phagocytes to ingest the virus. Our results indicate that non-neutralizing antibodies, so long as they are able to opsonise, are also able to provide an effective response to the virus," says Pontus Nordenfelt.

The findings are supported by experiments on mice, in which the non-neutralizing antibodies protected the animals from COVID-19 infection.

The research team also discovered that the amount of neutralizing antibodies affects the process of phagocytosis.

The team identified and isolated immune system cells from the blood of recovered COVID-19 patients. Using several techniques, they mapped which immune cells interact with the virus's spike protein and identified the antibody binding sites. Then, using flow cytometry, they studied how these antibodies affect phagocytosis.

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