COVID-19 treatments and pathogenesis including anosmia in K18-hACE2 mice

Jian Zheng, Lok-Yin Roy Wong, Kun Li, Abhishek Kumar Verma, Miguel Ortiz, Christine Wohlford-Lenane, Mariah R. Leidinger, C. Michael Knudson, David K. Meyerholz, Paul B. McCray Jr & Stanley Perlman

Nature (2020)

Abstract

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although much has been learned in the first months of the pandemic, many features of COVID-19 pathogenesis remain to be determined. For example, anosmia is a common presentation and many patients with this finding show no or only minor respiratory signs1. Studies in animals experimentally infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, provide opportunities to study aspects of the disease not easily investigated in human patients. Although COVID-19 severity ranges from asymptomatic to lethal2, most experimental infections provide insights into mild disease3. Here, using K18-hACE2 mice that we originally developed for SARS studies4, we show that infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes severe disease in the lung, and in some mice, the brain. Evidence of thrombosis and vasculitis was detected in mice with severe pneumonia. Furthermore, we show that infusion of convalescent plasma from a recovered patient with COVID-19 protected against lethal disease.