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Daily briefing: First transplant of a gene-edited pig heart
NATURE BRIEFING . 11 January 2022 . Daily briefing: First transplant of a gene-edited pig heart . A person in the United States is the first to receive a transplant of a genetically modified pig heart. Plus, the evolution of the arXiv preprint server and why we shouldn’t ignore the human failures that lead to ‘natural’ disasters. Flora Graham . Flora Graham View author publications You can also search for this author in PubMed ? Google Scholar Twitter . Facebook . Email . Sign up for Nature Briefing You have full access to this article via your institution. Download PDF Hello Nature readers, would you like to get this Briefing in your inbox free every day? Sign up here. Surgeons at the University of Maryland School of Medicine transplant a genetically altered pig heart into David Bennett. University of Maryland School of Medicine First person receives gene-edited pig heart . A person in the United States is the first to receive a transplant of a genetically modified pig heart. Yesterday, the University of Maryland Medical Center announced that the 57-year-old patient was still doing well 3 days after the surgery . The heart came from a pig raised by Revivicor, a US firm that spun off from the UK company that helped to clone Dolly the sheep. It’s not clear exactly how the pig was gene-edited, but the company has developed pigs whose cell surfaces do not have a sugar molecule called α-1,3-galactose, or α-gal, which triggers the human immune system. The man also received an experimental drug made by Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals designed to stave off rejection. STAT 8 min read Read more: New life for pig-to-human transplants (Nature 11 min read, from 2015) ‘If it’s not on arXiv, it doesn’t exist’ . On January 3, the arXiv server hit a milestone when it published its two millionth preprint . Since it was created in 1991 by physicist Paul Ginsparg, the repository has become indispensable for sharing research in fields such as astronomy, particle physics and mathematics. Such explosive growth is not painless: a handful of staff and volunteer moderators work to ensure that the 1,200 daily submissions meet basic quality standards. Critics worry that the full diversity of scientific thought — and of scientists themselves — is not represented among those gatekeepers. And the site has struggled with stability. “We’re an old classic car, and the rust has finally come through, and the pistons are wearing out,” says astrophysicist Steinn Sigurdsson, arXiv’s scientific director. “We are understaffed and underfunded — and have been for years.” Scientific American 10 min read Features & opinion . E. O. Wilson: from ants to the whole world . Evolutionary biologist Edward (Ed) Wilson was a world authority on ants who became one of the great scholarly synthesizers . He brought ideas of biodiversity into the mainstream and won two Pulitzer prizes, one with his Nature obituarist Bert H?lldobler. Wilson died on 26 December, aged 92. His book Sociobiology , published in 1975, was the first to address the evolution and organization of societies in organisms ranging from colonial bacteria to primates. Its final chapter, on human social interaction, ignited controversy for its argument that our behaviour was rooted in genetics. In 2016, his book Half-Earth made a passionate plea to leave half of our world to nature. Nature 5 min read How to stamp out fake clinical data . It is surprisingly hard to detect faked medical trials in the literature — but not impossible, says Lisa Bero , who studies bias in the design, conduct and publication of research. She has been part of a years-long initiative to exclude fraudulent studies from reviews produced by Cochrane, an international group that specializes in synthesizing evidence in medicine and health. Multiple checks are necessary, and success requires all involved in the publication pipeline to step up and coordinate, she writes. Nature 5 min read There are no ‘natural’ disasters . Hazards such as floods, droughts and heatwaves might be natural, but disasters are human-made, argue disaster researcher Emmanuel Raju, sustainability researcher Emily Boyd and climate scientist Friederike Otto. Disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability — such as when the most vulnerable groups of people are pushed to live in hazardous areas. The authors argue that “a discourse in which the role of human activity in disasters is clearly communicated — as opposed to blaming nature or the climate — will be more conducive to a proactive, equitable and ultimately successful approach to reducing impacts of disasters”. Communications Earth & Environment 8 min read Where I work . Sergey Zimov is founding director of the Northeast Science Station in Cherskii, Russia. Credit: Maxim Shemetov/Reuters Geophysicist Sergey Zimov is founding director of the Northeast Science Station in Cherskii, Russia — a settlement of about 2,500 people in the delta of the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia, beyond the Arctic Circle. “For the past 30 years, my team has been trying to recreate the grassland ecosystem that existed here tens of thousands of years ago by repopulating the area with large herbivores, such as this camel,” says Zimov. “The area we’re rewilding covers 20 square kilometres, and we call it Pleistocene Park.” Quote of the day . “I think it makes perfect sense. Dolphins have a lot of sex.” . Tissues, nerves and structures indicate that the clitorises of bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) have evolved to function for pleasure, says biologist Patricia Brennan. ( New Scientist 7 min read ) Reference: Current Biology paper doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00085-8 This newsletter is always evolving — tell us what you think! Please send your feedback to briefing@nature.com . Flora Graham, senior editor, Nature Briefing Related Articles . Daily briefing: Flawless deployment for James Webb Space Telescope . Daily briefing: WHO chief Tedros looks guaranteed for re-election . Daily briefing: Omicron struggles to infect the lungs . Daily briefing: Lessons from the Theranos debacle . . Jobs . Postdoctoral fellowship - Genomics of Neurodegeneration . Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) Saint Louis, MO, United States Pediatric Metabolic Health Research Faculty . Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA) Inc. Atlanta, GA, United States Neuroscientist . Cerevance Cambridge, United Kingdom Biologist . NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Research Triangle Park, United States .
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