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Coherent terahertz wireless communication using dual-parallel MZM-based silicon photonic integrated circuits
References . View by: . Article Order . Year . Author . Publication . H. Elayan, O. Amin, B. Shihada, R. M. Shubair, and M.-S. Alouini, “Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems,” IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. 1, 1–32 (2020). [Crossref] . P. H. Siegel, “Terahertz technology,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 50(3), 910–928 (2002). [Crossref] . R. I. Stantchev, X. Yu, T. Blu, and E. Pickwell-MacPherson, “Real-time terahertz imaging with a single-pixel detector,” Nat Commun 11(1), 2535 (2020). [Crossref] . S. C. Chen, L. H. Du, K. Meng, J. Li, Z. H. Zhai, Q. W. Shi, Z. R. Li, and L. G. Zhu, “Terahertz wave near-field compressive imaging with a spatial resolution of over lambda/100,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 21–24 (2019). [Crossref] . R. I. Stantchev, D. B. Phillips, P. Hobson, S. M. Hornett, M. J. Padgett, and E. Hendry, “Compressed sensing with near-field THz radiation,” Optica 4(8), 989–992 (2017). [Crossref] . R. I. Stantchev, B. Sun, S. M. Hornett, P. A. Hobson, G. M. Gibson, M. J. Padgett, and E. Hendry, “Noninvasive, near-field terahertz imaging of hidden objects using a single-pixel detector,” Sci. Adv. 2(6), e1600190 (2016). [Crossref] . J. Neu and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Tutorial: An introduction to terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS),” J. Appl. Phys. 124(23), 231101 (2018). [Crossref] . M. Tonouchi, “Cutting-edge terahertz technology,” Nat. Photonics 1(2), 97–105 (2007). [Crossref] . T. Kürner and S. Priebe, “Towards THz Communications - Status in Research, Standardization and Regulation,” J. Infrared, Millimeter, Terahertz Waves 35(1), 53–62 (2014). [Crossref] . I. F. Akyildiz, J. M. Jornet, and C. Han, “Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications,” Physical Communication 12, 16–32 (2014). [Crossref] . M. H. Alsharif, M. A. M. Albreem, A. A. A. Solyman, and S. Kim, ““Toward 6G Communication Networks: Terahertz Frequency Challenges and Open Research Issues,” Computers,” Materials & Continua 66(3), 2831–2842 (2021). [Crossref] . K. B. Letaief, W. Chen, Y. Shi, J. Zhang, and Y.-J. A. Zhang, “The Roadmap to 6G: AI Empowered Wireless Networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 57(8), 84–90 (2019). [Crossref] . S. Chen, Y.-C. Liang, S. Sun, S. Kang, W. Cheng, and M. Peng, “Vision, Requirements, and Technology Trend of 6G: How to Tackle the Challenges of System Coverage, Capacity, User Data-Rate and Movement Speed,” IEEE Wireless Commun. 27(2), 218–228 (2020). [Crossref] . J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Channel Modeling and Capacity Analysis for Electromagnetic Wireless Nanonetworks in the Terahertz Band,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 10(10), 3211–3221 (2011). [Crossref] . R. Chataut and R. Akl, “Massive MIMO Systems for 5G and beyond Networks—Overview, Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Direction,” Sensors 20(10), 2753 (2020). [Crossref] . Z. Hossain, S. H. Vedant, C. R. Nicoletti, and J. F. Federici, “Multi-user Interference Modeling and Experimental Characterization for Pulse-based Terahertz Communication,” in 3rd ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (ACM NANOCOM'16) (2016). . J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Joint Energy Harvesting and Communication Analysis for Perpetual Wireless Nanosensor Networks in the Terahertz Band,” IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 11(3), 570–580 (2012). [Crossref] . K. Tekb?y?k, A. R. Ekti, G. K. Kurt, and A. G?r?in, “Terahertz band communication systems: Challenges, novelties and standardization efforts,” Physical Communication 35, 100700 (2019). [Crossref] . A. H. Naqvi and S. Lim, “Review of Recent Phased Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication,” Sensors 18(10), 3194 (2018). [Crossref] . T. Nagatsuma, G. Ducournau, and C. C. Renaud, “Advances in terahertz communications accelerated by photonics,” Nat. Photonics 10(6), 371–379 (2016). [Crossref] . A. J. Seeds, H. Shams, M. J. Fice, and C. C. Renaud, “TeraHertz Photonics for Wireless Communications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 579–587 (2015). [Crossref] . X. Yu, R. Asif, M. Piels, D. Zibar, M. Galili, T. Morioka, P. U. Jepsen, and L. K. Oxenlowe, “400-GHz Wireless Transmission of 60-Gb/s Nyquist-QPSK Signals Using UTC-PD and Heterodyne Mixer,” IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6(6), 765–770 (2016). [Crossref] . A. St?hr, M. F. Hermelo, M. Steeg, P.-T. Shih, and A. Ng’oma, “Coherent Radio-over-Fiber THz Communication Link for High Data-Rate 59 Gbit/s 64-QAM-OFDM and Real-Time HDTV Transmission,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2017), Tu3B.2 (2017). . J. Xie, W. Ye, L. Zhou, X. Guo, X. Zang, L. Chen, and Y. Zhu, “A Review on Terahertz Technologies Accelerated by Silicon Photonics,” Nanomaterials 11(7), 1646 (2021). [Crossref] . R. Sabella, “Silicon Photonics for 5G and Future Networks,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 26(2), 1–11 (2020). [Crossref] . G. Carpintero, S. Hisatake, D. de Felipe, R. Guzman, T. Nagatsuma, and N. Keil, “Wireless Data Transmission at Terahertz Carrier Waves Generated from a Hybrid InP-Polymer Dual Tunable DBR Laser Photonic Integrated Circuit,” Sci Rep 8(1), 3018 (2018). [Crossref] . S. Bae, J. Park, S. Han, B. G. Kim, M. Kim, K. Yu, and Y. C. Chung, “A Cost-Effective 2-Channel OTDM System Implemented With Sinusoidally Modulated Light Source,” IEEE Access 8, 157504–157509 (2020). [Crossref] . T. Harter, S. Muehlbrandt, S. Ummethala, A. Schmid, S. Nellen, L. Hahn, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Silicon–plasmonic integrated circuits for terahertz signal generation and coherent detection,” Nat. Photonics 12(10), 625–633 (2018). [Crossref] . S. Ummethala, T. Harter, K. Koehnle, Z. Li, S. Muehlbrandt, Y. Kutuvantavida, J. Kemal, P. Marin-Palomo, J. Schaefer, A. Tessmann, S. K. Garlapati, A. Bacher, L. Hahn, M. Walther, T. Zwick, S. Randel, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “THz-to-optical conversion in wireless communications using an ultra-broadband plasmonic modulator,” Nat. Photonics 13(8), 519–524 (2019). [Crossref] . R. Degl’Innocenti, S. J. Kindness, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “All-integrated terahertz modulators,” Nanophotonics 7(1), 127–144 (2018). [Crossref] . S.-R. Moon, S. Han, S. Yoo, H. Park, W.-K. Lee, J. K. Lee, J. Park, K. Yu, S.-H. Cho, and J. Kim, “Demonstration of photonics-aided terahertz wireless transmission system with using silicon photonics circuit,” Opt. Express 28(16), 23397–23408 (2020). [Crossref] . T. Pinguet, S. Denton, S. Gloeckner, M. Mack, G. Masini, A. Mekis, S. Pang, M. Peterson, S. Sahni, and P. D. Dobbelaere, “High-Volume Manufacturing Platform for Silicon Photonics,” Proc. IEEE 106(12), 2281–2290 (2018). [Crossref] . K. Endo, Y. Hashimoto, T. Tanaka, T. Takamichi, K. Fukuchi, M. Toyoshima, and Y. Takayama, “Development and evaluation of a digital signal processing for single polarization QPSK modulation format,” Proc. SPIE 8246, 82460A (2012). [Crossref] . S. Koenig, D. Lopez-Diaz, J. Antes, F. Boes, R. Henneberger, A. Leuther, A. Tessmann, R. Schmogrow, D. Hillerkuss, R. Palmer, T. Zwick, C. Koos, W. Freude, O. Ambacher, J. Leuthold, and I. Kallfass, “Wireless sub-THz communication system with high data rate enabled by RF photonics and active MMIC technology,” 2014 IEEE Photonics Conference, 414–415 (2014). . A. Kanno, T. Kuri, I. Morohashi, I. Hosako, T. Kawanishi, Y. Yoshida, and K. Kitayama, “Coherent MMW/terahertz signal transmission with frequency-reconfigurable RoF transmitter based on an optical frequency comb,” in IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM'13), 2686–2691 (2013). . A. Kanno, T. Kuri, I. Morohashi, I. Hosako, T. Kawanishi, Y. Yoshida, and K.-I. Kitayama, ““Coherent Terahertz Wireless Signal Transmission Using Advanced Optical Fiber Communication Technology,” J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 36(2), 180–197 (2015). [Crossref] . J. Witzens, “High-Speed Silicon Photonics Modulators,” Proc. IEEE 106(12), 2158–2182 (2018). [Crossref] . C.-M. Kim and Y.-T. Han, “Optical Response of Traveling-Wave Optical Modulator with 3-Section Phase Reversal,” J. Opt. Soc. Korea 5(3), 76–82 (2001). [Crossref] . L. Vivien, A. Polzer, D. Marris-Morini, J. Osmond, J. M. Hartmann, P. Crozat, E. Cassan, C. Kopp, H. Zimmermann, and J. M. Fédéli, “Zero-bias 40Gbit/s germanium waveguide photodetector on silicon,” Opt. Express 20(2), 1096–1101 (2012). [Crossref] . E. Lacombe, C. Belem-Goncalves, C. Luxey, F. Gianesello, C. Durand, D. Gloria, and G. Ducournau, “10-Gb/s Indoor THz Communications Using Industrial Si Photonics Technology,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 28(4), 362–364 (2018). [Crossref] . A. Samani, M. Chagnon, D. Patel, V. Veerasubramanian, S. Ghosh, M. Osman, Q. Zhong, and D. V. Plant, “A Low-Voltage 35-GHz Silicon Photonic Modulator-Enabled 112-Gb/s Transmission System,” IEEE Photonics J. 7(3), 1–13 (2015). [Crossref] . A. Samani, V. Veerasubramanian, E. El-Fiky, D. Patel, and D. V. Plant, “A Silicon Photonic PAM-4 Modulator Based on Dual-Parallel Mach–Zehnder Interferometers,” IEEE Photonics J. 8(1), 1–10 (2016). [Crossref] . H. Sepehrian, J. Lin, L. A. Rusch, and W. Shi, “Silicon Photonic IQ Modulators for 400 Gb/s and Beyond,” J. Lightwave Technol. 37(13), 3078–3086 (2019). [Crossref] . Q. Zhang and C. Shu, “Viterbi and Viterbi Algorithm based Phase Recovery for Probabilistically Shaped Signals,” J. Lightwave Technol. 39(5), 1364–1370 (2021). [Crossref] . I. Fatadin, D. Ives, and S. J. Savory, “Blind Equalization and Carrier Phase Recovery in a 16-QAM Optical Coherent System,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(15), 3042–3049 (2009). [Crossref] . M. S. Faruk, “Blind equalization and carrier-phase recovery based on modified constant-modulus algorithm in PDM-QPSK coherent optical receivers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 48(1), 3 (2016). [Crossref] . M. Hudli?ka, C. Lundstr?m, D. A. Humphreys, and I. Fatadin, “BER estimation from EVM for QPSK and 16-QAM coherent optical systems,” in IEEE 6th International Conference on Photonics (ICP), 1–3 (2016). . “LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception,” 3GPP TS 36.104 (2017). . S. Jia, X. Yu, H. Hu, J. Yu, T. Morioka, P. U. Jepsen, and L. K. Oxenl?we, “120 Gb/s Multi-Channel THz Wireless Transmission and THz Receiver Performance Analysis,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 29(3), 310–313 (2017). [Crossref] . 2021 (3) . M. H. Alsharif, M. A. M. Albreem, A. A. A. Solyman, and S. Kim, ““Toward 6G Communication Networks: Terahertz Frequency Challenges and Open Research Issues,” Computers,” Materials & Continua 66(3), 2831–2842 (2021). [Crossref] J. Xie, W. Ye, L. Zhou, X. Guo, X. Zang, L. Chen, and Y. Zhu, “A Review on Terahertz Technologies Accelerated by Silicon Photonics,” Nanomaterials 11(7), 1646 (2021). [Crossref] Q. Zhang and C. Shu, “Viterbi and Viterbi Algorithm based Phase Recovery for Probabilistically Shaped Signals,” J. Lightwave Technol. 39(5), 1364–1370 (2021). [Crossref] 2020 (7) . R. Sabella, “Silicon Photonics for 5G and Future Networks,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 26(2), 1–11 (2020). [Crossref] S. Bae, J. Park, S. Han, B. G. Kim, M. Kim, K. Yu, and Y. C. Chung, “A Cost-Effective 2-Channel OTDM System Implemented With Sinusoidally Modulated Light Source,” IEEE Access 8, 157504–157509 (2020). [Crossref] S.-R. Moon, S. Han, S. Yoo, H. Park, W.-K. Lee, J. K. Lee, J. Park, K. Yu, S.-H. Cho, and J. Kim, “Demonstration of photonics-aided terahertz wireless transmission system with using silicon photonics circuit,” Opt. Express 28(16), 23397–23408 (2020). [Crossref] S. Chen, Y.-C. Liang, S. Sun, S. Kang, W. Cheng, and M. Peng, “Vision, Requirements, and Technology Trend of 6G: How to Tackle the Challenges of System Coverage, Capacity, User Data-Rate and Movement Speed,” IEEE Wireless Commun. 27(2), 218–228 (2020). [Crossref] R. Chataut and R. Akl, “Massive MIMO Systems for 5G and beyond Networks—Overview, Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Direction,” Sensors 20(10), 2753 (2020). [Crossref] R. I. Stantchev, X. Yu, T. Blu, and E. Pickwell-MacPherson, “Real-time terahertz imaging with a single-pixel detector,” Nat Commun 11(1), 2535 (2020). [Crossref] H. Elayan, O. Amin, B. Shihada, R. M. Shubair, and M.-S. Alouini, “Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems,” IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. 1, 1–32 (2020). [Crossref] 2019 (5) . S. C. Chen, L. H. Du, K. Meng, J. Li, Z. H. Zhai, Q. W. Shi, Z. R. Li, and L. G. Zhu, “Terahertz wave near-field compressive imaging with a spatial resolution of over lambda/100,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 21–24 (2019). [Crossref] K. B. Letaief, W. Chen, Y. Shi, J. Zhang, and Y.-J. A. Zhang, “The Roadmap to 6G: AI Empowered Wireless Networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 57(8), 84–90 (2019). [Crossref] S. Ummethala, T. Harter, K. Koehnle, Z. Li, S. Muehlbrandt, Y. Kutuvantavida, J. Kemal, P. Marin-Palomo, J. Schaefer, A. Tessmann, S. K. Garlapati, A. Bacher, L. Hahn, M. Walther, T. Zwick, S. Randel, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “THz-to-optical conversion in wireless communications using an ultra-broadband plasmonic modulator,” Nat. Photonics 13(8), 519–524 (2019). [Crossref] K. Tekb?y?k, A. R. Ekti, G. K. Kurt, and A. G?r?in, “Terahertz band communication systems: Challenges, novelties and standardization efforts,” Physical Communication 35, 100700 (2019). [Crossref] H. Sepehrian, J. Lin, L. A. Rusch, and W. Shi, “Silicon Photonic IQ Modulators for 400 Gb/s and Beyond,” J. Lightwave Technol. 37(13), 3078–3086 (2019). [Crossref] 2018 (8) . E. Lacombe, C. Belem-Goncalves, C. Luxey, F. Gianesello, C. Durand, D. Gloria, and G. Ducournau, “10-Gb/s Indoor THz Communications Using Industrial Si Photonics Technology,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 28(4), 362–364 (2018). [Crossref] A. H. Naqvi and S. Lim, “Review of Recent Phased Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication,” Sensors 18(10), 3194 (2018). [Crossref] T. Harter, S. Muehlbrandt, S. Ummethala, A. Schmid, S. Nellen, L. Hahn, W. Freude, and C. Koos, “Silicon–plasmonic integrated circuits for terahertz signal generation and coherent detection,” Nat. Photonics 12(10), 625–633 (2018). [Crossref] G. Carpintero, S. Hisatake, D. de Felipe, R. Guzman, T. Nagatsuma, and N. Keil, “Wireless Data Transmission at Terahertz Carrier Waves Generated from a Hybrid InP-Polymer Dual Tunable DBR Laser Photonic Integrated Circuit,” Sci Rep 8(1), 3018 (2018). [Crossref] R. Degl’Innocenti, S. J. Kindness, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “All-integrated terahertz modulators,” Nanophotonics 7(1), 127–144 (2018). [Crossref] T. Pinguet, S. Denton, S. Gloeckner, M. Mack, G. Masini, A. Mekis, S. Pang, M. Peterson, S. Sahni, and P. D. Dobbelaere, “High-Volume Manufacturing Platform for Silicon Photonics,” Proc. IEEE 106(12), 2281–2290 (2018). [Crossref] J. Witzens, “High-Speed Silicon Photonics Modulators,” Proc. IEEE 106(12), 2158–2182 (2018). [Crossref] J. Neu and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Tutorial: An introduction to terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS),” J. Appl. Phys. 124(23), 231101 (2018). [Crossref] 2017 (2) . R. I. Stantchev, D. B. Phillips, P. Hobson, S. M. Hornett, M. J. Padgett, and E. Hendry, “Compressed sensing with near-field THz radiation,” Optica 4(8), 989–992 (2017). [Crossref] S. Jia, X. Yu, H. Hu, J. Yu, T. Morioka, P. U. Jepsen, and L. K. Oxenl?we, “120 Gb/s Multi-Channel THz Wireless Transmission and THz Receiver Performance Analysis,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 29(3), 310–313 (2017). [Crossref] 2016 (5) . A. Samani, V. Veerasubramanian, E. El-Fiky, D. Patel, and D. V. Plant, “A Silicon Photonic PAM-4 Modulator Based on Dual-Parallel Mach–Zehnder Interferometers,” IEEE Photonics J. 8(1), 1–10 (2016). [Crossref] M. S. Faruk, “Blind equalization and carrier-phase recovery based on modified constant-modulus algorithm in PDM-QPSK coherent optical receivers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 48(1), 3 (2016). [Crossref] R. I. Stantchev, B. Sun, S. M. Hornett, P. A. Hobson, G. M. Gibson, M. J. Padgett, and E. Hendry, “Noninvasive, near-field terahertz imaging of hidden objects using a single-pixel detector,” Sci. Adv. 2(6), e1600190 (2016). [Crossref] X. Yu, R. Asif, M. Piels, D. Zibar, M. Galili, T. Morioka, P. U. Jepsen, and L. K. Oxenlowe, “400-GHz Wireless Transmission of 60-Gb/s Nyquist-QPSK Signals Using UTC-PD and Heterodyne Mixer,” IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6(6), 765–770 (2016). [Crossref] T. Nagatsuma, G. Ducournau, and C. C. Renaud, “Advances in terahertz communications accelerated by photonics,” Nat. Photonics 10(6), 371–379 (2016). [Crossref] 2015 (3) . A. J. Seeds, H. Shams, M. J. Fice, and C. C. Renaud, “TeraHertz Photonics for Wireless Communications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 33(3), 579–587 (2015). [Crossref] A. Kanno, T. Kuri, I. Morohashi, I. Hosako, T. Kawanishi, Y. Yoshida, and K.-I. Kitayama, ““Coherent Terahertz Wireless Signal Transmission Using Advanced Optical Fiber Communication Technology,” J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 36(2), 180–197 (2015). [Crossref] A. Samani, M. Chagnon, D. Patel, V. Veerasubramanian, S. Ghosh, M. Osman, Q. Zhong, and D. V. Plant, “A Low-Voltage 35-GHz Silicon Photonic Modulator-Enabled 112-Gb/s Transmission System,” IEEE Photonics J. 7(3), 1–13 (2015). [Crossref] 2014 (2) . T. Kürner and S. Priebe, “Towards THz Communications - Status in Research, Standardization and Regulation,” J. Infrared, Millimeter, Terahertz Waves 35(1), 53–62 (2014). [Crossref] I. F. Akyildiz, J. M. Jornet, and C. Han, “Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications,” Physical Communication 12, 16–32 (2014). [Crossref] 2012 (3) . J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Joint Energy Harvesting and Communication Analysis for Perpetual Wireless Nanosensor Networks in the Terahertz Band,” IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 11(3), 570–580 (2012). [Crossref] K. Endo, Y. Hashimoto, T. Tanaka, T. Takamichi, K. Fukuchi, M. Toyoshima, and Y. Takayama, “Development and evaluation of a digital signal processing for single polarization QPSK modulation format,” Proc. SPIE 8246, 82460A (2012). [Crossref] L. Vivien, A. Polzer, D. Marris-Morini, J. Osmond, J. M. Hartmann, P. Crozat, E. Cassan, C. Kopp, H. Zimmermann, and J. M. Fédéli, “Zero-bias 40Gbit/s germanium waveguide photodetector on silicon,” Opt. Express 20(2), 1096–1101 (2012). [Crossref] 2011 (1) . J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Channel Modeling and Capacity Analysis for Electromagnetic Wireless Nanonetworks in the Terahertz Band,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 10(10), 3211–3221 (2011). [Crossref] 2009 (1) . I. Fatadin, D. Ives, and S. J. Savory, “Blind Equalization and Carrier Phase Recovery in a 16-QAM Optical Coherent System,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(15), 3042–3049 (2009). [Crossref] 2007 (1) . M. Tonouchi, “Cutting-edge terahertz technology,” Nat. Photonics 1(2), 97–105 (2007). [Crossref] 2002 (1) . P. H. Siegel, “Terahertz technology,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 50(3), 910–928 (2002). [Crossref] 2001 (1) . C.-M. Kim and Y.-T. Han, “Optical Response of Traveling-Wave Optical Modulator with 3-Section Phase Reversal,” J. Opt. Soc. Korea 5(3), 76–82 (2001). [Crossref] Akl, R. . R. Chataut and R. Akl, “Massive MIMO Systems for 5G and beyond Networks—Overview, Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Direction,” Sensors 20(10), 2753 (2020). [Crossref] Akyildiz, I. F. . I. F. Akyildiz, J. M. Jornet, and C. Han, “Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications,” Physical Communication 12, 16–32 (2014). [Crossref] J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Joint Energy Harvesting and Communication Analysis for Perpetual Wireless Nanosensor Networks in the Terahertz Band,” IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 11(3), 570–580 (2012). [Crossref] J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Channel Modeling and Capacity Analysis for Electromagnetic Wireless Nanonetworks in the Terahertz Band,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 10(10), 3211–3221 (2011). [Crossref] Albreem, M. A. M. . M. H. Alsharif, M. A. M. Albreem, A. A. A. Solyman, and S. Kim, ““Toward 6G Communication Networks: Terahertz Frequency Challenges and Open Research Issues,” Computers,” Materials & Continua 66(3), 2831–2842 (2021). [Crossref] Alouini, M.-S. . H. Elayan, O. Amin, B. Shihada, R. M. Shubair, and M.-S. 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