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How jellyfish control their lives
In jellyfish, a complex network of neurons throughout the animals’ bodies replaces the need for a centralized brain. Unlike most animals, jellyfish have no central nervous system, leaving researchers mystified as to how they manage to carry out essential tasks such as feeding, navigating and escaping predators. To find out how these creatures survive, Brandon Weissbourd and David Anderson at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and their colleagues genetically modified the neurons of the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica so that they glow under fluorescent light when they are activated. The labelled neurons revealed that the neural network beneath the animals’ gelatinous ‘umbrellas’ has a surprising level of structural organization. Wedge-shaped radial segments allow the jellyfish to transfer food from their tentacles to their mouth by folding the individual segments inwards. The neurons also control the ability to swim and to crumple up when faced with a threat. Jellyfish neurons seem to be organized in hierarchical patterns that independently control different body parts, the scientists say. Transgenic jellyfish could serve as a model for studying how brains and nervous systems evolved, they suggest. .
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