1.?Introduction .Brazilian ecosystems and especially forests play a fundamental role in regional and global carbon stocks and natural land C sinks. The Amazon forest is estimated to contain around 229–280 PgC in living biomass and soils (Malhi et al2006 , Gloor et al2012 ), representing ~10% of global land C stocks (Ciais et al2013 ), and approximately 60% of its area is in Brazil. Carbon stocks in Brazilian ecosystems have been negatively impacted by significant land use and...