Background & Summary . Following the technological advancements in surgery, operation rooms are evolving into intelligent environments. Context-aware systems (CAS) are emerging as pivotal components of this evolution, empowered to advance pre-operative surgical planning1 , 2 , 3, automate skill assessment4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8, support operation room planning9 , 10 , 11, and interpret the surgical context comprehensively12. By enabling real-time alerts ...