Introduction . Radiological imaging has become increasingly important for diagnosis, clinical assessment, and treatment planning1. In recent years, technology has advanced from two-dimensional conventional radiographs to three-dimensional digital imaging such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)2. CBCT is now an important part of diagnosis and treatment in fields like maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, e...