Introduction. Electron spins associated with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond are magnetic field sensors that provide high spatial resolution and sensitivity at room temperature1,2. They have been used to study nuclear magnetic resonance at the nanoscale3,4, bio-5, paleo-6, and solid-state magnetism7, and electric currents in quantum materials8,9. Most of these applications focus on detecting magnetic fields in the 0–100 megahertz (MHz) frequency range, in which a toolbox of spin-c...