Introduction . Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 3% of all cancer types. The highest prevalence of RCC occurs in Western countries, and an annual increase of about 2% has been observed over the past two decades1. In 2023, in the USA, RCC is expected to be the sixth and ninth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and women, respectively1. In recent years, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved for use for cancer therapy2, espec...