1.?Introduction . The terrestrial carbon and water cycles are strongly coupled (Lemordant et al 2018 , Gentine et al 2019 ). The Earth's greening has caused acceleration in these cycles with enhanced control of vegetation on the terrestrial energy fluxes in recent decades. It has been shown to be largely modulated by plant functional types (PFTs) and background climate conditions (Graven et al 2013 , Zhang et al 2015 , 2016 , Forkel et al 2016 , Forzieri et al 2020 ...