Introduction . Polyphenol-based supramolecular structures have attracted widespread interest due to their diverse properties, including their affinity for various materials endowed by their inherent phenolic chemistry, free radical scavenging capability imparted by the reducing nature of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and biocompatibility due to bioderived phenolic ingredients1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. Such polyphenolic materials have been engineered with potential applications in ca...