Introduction. Rapid increases in the atmospheric CO2 concentrations have greatly impacted global ecosystems, and concomitant global warming, climate change, and ocean acidification severely threaten all life on Earth. To address the issues caused by increasing anthropogenic emissions, various carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have been developed for CO2 reduction. Microalgae-based CO2 conversion, inter alia, is considered one of the most promising and self-sustai...