In an accompanying commentary , Jack A. Gilbert, PhD, principal investigator at the UC San Diego School of Medicine, and John Alverdy, MD, professor of surgery at the University of Chicago, Chicago, hypothesized that in the future, patients could be provided with automatic kits to obtain metagenomic data and identify infection risk factors in advance. More detailed studies are needed, however, to thoroughly consider the microbial communities present in the hospital environment and establish cont...