Introduction . In order to improve service performance and energy-saving, the application of lightweight materials is urgent in the aerospace and automobile industry1 , 2. Furthermore, induction skull melting (ISM) is widely used for processing high melting point and reactive metals such as Ti, Zr, Mo, etc.3 , 4to produce excellent performance castings working in critical fields such as aerospace vehicles5 , 6 , 7. The unique feature of ISM technology is a solid...